Tone: Neurophonetics
نویسنده
چکیده
The notion of speech prosody dates back to MonradKrohn's (1947) case study of a woman who was unable to produce the phonemic tone contrasts in her native Norwegian dialect, even though she retained considerable musical ability. Languages that exploit phonologically relevant variations in pitch a t the syllable level are called tone languages (for review of the phonetics of tone languages, see Gandour (1994)). Tone languages are especially advantageous for exploring how speech prosody is mapped in the human brain. The focus here is on three major sources of evidence relevant to the neural substrates underlying tonal processing: dichotic listening studies, to assess hemispheric laterality effects; lesion-deficit studies, to assess tonal deficits in production or perception by unilateral brain-damaged adults; and functional neuroimaging studies, to assess normal adult tonal processing brain activity in the two brain hemispheres. Dichotic listening studies tell us which hemisphere predominates for a given function, lesion-deficit studies tell us what areas within a hemisphere are necessary for normal functioning, and brain imaging studies tell us what areas in either the left hemisphere (LH) or the right hemisphere ( R H ) participate in that function. From a historical perspective, the dichotic listening paradigm goes back about 40 years, lesion-deficit analysis has been used for almost 150 years, and functional neuroimaging has emerged within the past 20 years. This new analytical neuroimagery tool permits us to investigate in hoth hcinisphcrcs, the large-scale, >videly distributed neural networks that underlie tonal processing in the nol.mnl f ~ ~ ~ i c t i o ~ l i n g human l ~ r a i ~ l .
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تاریخ انتشار 2006